NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is an essential coenzyme present in nearly all living cells, often referred to as the “core molecule of cellular vitality.” It serves multiple roles in the human body, acting as an energy carrier, a guardian of genetic stability, and a protector of cellular function, making it crucial for maintaining health and delaying aging.
In energy metabolism, NAD⁺ facilitates the conversion of food into usable energy. When carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are broken down within cells, NAD⁺ acts as an electron carrier, transferring energy to mitochondria to drive ATP production. ATP serves as the “fuel” for cellular activities, powering all aspects of life. Without sufficient NAD⁺, cellular energy production declines, leading to reduced vitality and overall functional capacity.
Beyond energy metabolism, NAD⁺ plays a key role in DNA repair and genomic stability. Cells are constantly exposed to DNA damage from environmental factors and metabolic byproducts, and NAD⁺ activates repair enzymes to correct these errors. It also activates sirtuins, a family of proteins associated with longevity, mitochondrial function, and metabolic balance. Thus, NAD⁺ is not only indispensable for maintaining health but is also a major focus in anti-aging research.
NAD⁺ is also critical in responding to cellular stress and protecting the nervous system. During oxidative stress or inflammation, NAD⁺ helps regulate cellular signaling and ion balance to maintain homeostasis. In the nervous system, it supports mitochondrial health, reduces oxidative damage to neurons, and helps delay the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
However, NAD⁺ levels naturally decline with age. This decrease is linked to reduced energy production, impaired DNA repair, increased inflammation, and declining neural function, all of which are hallmarks of aging and chronic disease. Maintaining or boosting NAD⁺ levels has therefore become a central focus in modern health management and longevity research. Scientists are exploring supplementation with NAD⁺ precursors such as NMN or NR, as well as lifestyle interventions, to sustain NAD⁺ levels, enhance vitality, and promote overall health.
Post time: Aug-20-2025