MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c) is a small peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA that has attracted significant scientific interest in recent years. Traditionally, mitochondria have been viewed primarily as the “powerhouse of the cell,” responsible for energy production. However, emerging research reveals that mitochondria also act as signaling hubs, regulating metabolism and cellular health through bioactive peptides such as MOTS-c.
This peptide, consisting of just 16 amino acids, is encoded within the 12S rRNA region of mitochondrial DNA. Once synthesized in the cytoplasm, it can translocate into the nucleus, where it influences the expression of genes involved in metabolic regulation. One of its most important roles is activating the AMPK signaling pathway, which improves glucose uptake and utilization while enhancing insulin sensitivity. These properties make MOTS-c a promising candidate for addressing metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Beyond metabolism, MOTS-c has shown protective effects against oxidative stress by strengthening the cell’s antioxidant defenses and reducing damage caused by free radicals. This function contributes to maintaining the health of critical organs such as the heart, liver, and nervous system. Research has also highlighted a clear link between MOTS-c levels and aging: as the body grows older, natural levels of the peptide decline. Supplementation in animal studies has improved physical performance, delayed age-related decline, and even extended lifespan, raising the possibility of MOTS-c being developed as an “anti-aging molecule.”
In addition, MOTS-c appears to enhance muscle energy metabolism and endurance, making it of great interest in sports medicine and rehabilitation. Some studies also suggest potential benefits for neurodegenerative diseases, further expanding its therapeutic horizon.
Although still in the early stages of research, MOTS-c represents a breakthrough in our understanding of mitochondrial biology. It not only challenges the conventional view of mitochondria but also opens new pathways for treating metabolic diseases, slowing aging, and promoting overall health. With further study and clinical development, MOTS-c may become a powerful tool in the future of medicine.
Post time: Sep-10-2025